Book Image

Rust Essentials - Second Edition

By : Ivo Balbaert
Book Image

Rust Essentials - Second Edition

By: Ivo Balbaert

Overview of this book

Rust is the new, open source, fast, and safe systems programming language for the 21st century, developed at Mozilla Research, and with a steadily growing community. It was created to solve the dilemma between high-level, slow code with minimal control over the system, and low-level, fast code with maximum system control. It is no longer necessary to learn C/C++ to develop resource intensive and low-level systems applications. This book will give you a head start to solve systems programming and application tasks with Rust. We start off with an argumentation of Rust's unique place in today's landscape of programming languages. You'll install Rust and learn how to work with its package manager Cargo. The various concepts are introduced step by step: variables, types, functions, and control structures to lay the groundwork. Then we explore more structured data such as strings, arrays, and enums, and you’ll see how pattern matching works. Throughout all this, we stress the unique ways of reasoning that the Rust compiler uses to produce safe code. Next we look at Rust's specific way of error handling, and the overall importance of traits in Rust code. The pillar of memory safety is treated in depth as we explore the various pointer kinds. Next, you’ll see how macros can simplify code generation, and how to compose bigger projects with modules and crates. Finally, you’ll discover how we can write safe concurrent code in Rust and interface with C programs, get a view of the Rust ecosystem, and explore the use of the standard library.
Table of Contents (13 chapters)

The success of Rust

Since its production release 1.0, Rust has enjoyed quite a steady uptake. This is manifest if you view a Google Trends survey:

In the well-known TIOBE Index (see https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index//), it reached 50th place in September 2015 and is now ranked in 37th position.

In the RedMonk ranking of programming languages (see http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2017/06/08/language-rankings-6-17/), it is ready to join the popularity of Lua, CoffeeScript, and Go.

Also, for two consecutive years, Rust was the most loved programing language on Stack Overflow (see https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2017#most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted).

As a hallmark of its success, today, more than 50 companies are using Rust in production, see https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/friends.html, amongst which are HoneyPot, Tilde, Chef, npm, Canonical, Coursera, and Dropbox.

Where to use Rust

It is clear from the previous sections that Rust can be used in projects that would normally use C or C++. Indeed, many regard Rust as a successor to, or a replacement for, C/C++. Although Rust is designed to be a systems language, due to its richness of constructs, it has a broad range of possible applications, making it an ideal candidate for applications that fall into one or all of the following categories:

  • Client applications, like browsers
  • Low-latency, high-performance systems, like device drivers, games and signal processing
  • Highly distributed and concurrent systems, like server applications and microservices
  • Real-time and critical systems, like operating systems or kernels
  • Embedded systems (requiring a very minimal runtime footprint) or resource-constrained environments, like Raspberry Pi and Arduino, or robotics
  • Tools or services that can't support the long warmup delays common in just-in-time (JIT) compiler systems and need instantaneous startup
  • Web frameworks
  • Large-scale, high-performance, resource intensive, and complex software systems

Rust is especially suitable when code quality is important, that is, for the following:

  • Modestly-sized or larger development teams
  • Code for long-running production use
  • Code with a longer lifetime that requires regular maintenance and refactoring
  • Code for which you would normally write a lot of unit tests to safeguard