Book Image

Java 11 and 12 ??? New Features

By : Mala Gupta
Book Image

Java 11 and 12 ??? New Features

By: Mala Gupta

Overview of this book

With its new six-monthly release cadence, Java is moving forward faster. In addition to planned version releases, a lot of work is currently being undertaken on various Java projects at Oracle. In order to make best use of the new features in their applications and libraries, you must be well-versed with the most recent advancements. Java 11 and 12 – New Features will take you through the latest developments in Java, right from variable type inference and simplified multithreading through to performance improvements, which are covered in depth to help you make your applications more efficient. This book explains the relevance and applicability of Java's new features, and answers your questions on whether to invest in migrating to new Java versions and when to migrate. You'll also get to grips with platform features, such as AppCDS and new garbage collectors, to tune and optimize your application—from reduced launch time and latency to improved performance and throughput. By the end of this book, you will be equipped with a thorough understanding of the new features of Java 11, 12, and Project Amber, and possess the skills to apply them with a view to improving your application's performance.

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Table of Contents (23 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Get in touch
Free Chapter
1
Section 1: JDK 10
Section 1: JDK 10
2
Type Inference
Type Inference
What is type inference?
Type inference with var
Type inference in previous versions of Java
Challenges
Type inference versus dynamic binding
Summary
3
AppCDS
AppCDS
Technical requirements
What is CDS?
AppCDS
Summary
4
Garbage Collector Optimizations
Garbage Collector Optimizations
Technical requirements
The GC interface
Parallel full GC for G1 (JEP 307)
Summary
5
Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 10
Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 10
Technical requirements
Mapping JDK 10 features with scopes and JEPs
Summary
6
Section 2: JDK 11
Section 2: JDK 11
7
Local Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters
Local Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters
Technical requirements
Lambda expressions
Lambda parameters and type inference with var
Summary
8
Epsilon GC
Epsilon GC
Technical requirements
The motivation behind Epsilon GC
Getting started with the HelloEpsilon GC class
Memory pressure testing with Epsilon
Designing a garbage-free application
Summary
9
The HTTP Client API
The HTTP Client API
Technical requirements
A quick flashback
Some examples
Summary
10
ZGC
ZGC
Technical requirements
The motivation
ZGC heap
ZGC phases
Colored pointers
Tuning ZGC
Summary
11
Flight Recorder and Mission Control
Flight Recorder and Mission Control
Technical requirements
The motivation behind JFR
Getting started with JFR
Working with custom events
Summary
12
Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 11
Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 11
Technical requirements
Listing the JEPs that are used in this chapter
Nest-based access control
Dynamic class-file constants
Improving AArch64 intrinsics
Removing the Java EE and CORBA modules
A key agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448
Unicode 10
ChaCha20 and Poly1305 cryptographic algorithms
Launching single file source code programs
TLS 1.3
Deprecating the Nashorn JavaScript engine
JEP 336 – deprecating the pack200 tools and API
Summary
13
Section 3: JDK 12
Section 3: JDK 12
14
Switch Expressions
Switch Expressions
Technical requirements
Issues with traditional switch constructs
Using switch expressions
Defining local variables in a switch branch
Another syntax for switch expressions
Comparing break with break <return value>
A preview language feature
Exhaustive cases
What can a switch branch execute other than returning a value?
How not to use labels and continue in switch expressions
Summary
15
Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 12
Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 12
Technical requirements
Mapping features of JDK 12 scope and JEP
Shenandoah – a low-pause-time GC
The microbenchmark suite
The JVM constants API
One AArch64 port, not two
Default CDS archives
Abortable mixed collections for G1
Promptly return unused committed memory from G1
Summary
16
Section 4: Project Amber
Section 4: Project Amber
17
Enhanced Enums in Project Amber
Enhanced Enums in Project Amber
A quick background
The state and behavior of enum constants
Summary
18
Data Classes and Their Usage
Data Classes and Their Usage
An introduction to data classes
Diving into data classes
Summary
19
Raw String Literals
Raw String Literals
Technical requirements
A quick example
Issues with existing multiline string values
Welcoming raw string literals
Managing margins
Common examples
Summary
20
Lambda Leftovers
Lambda Leftovers
Technical requirements
Marking unused parameters with underscores
Shadowing of lambda parameters
Disambiguation of functional expressions
Summary
21
Pattern Matching
Pattern Matching
Technical requirements
Pattern matching
Existing issues with type testing
Type test patterns
Using pattern matching with switch constructs
Summary
22
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Dynamic class-file constants

JEP 309 extends the existing Java class-file format, creating CONSTANT_Dynamic. This is a JVM feature and doesn't depend on the higher software layers. The loading of CONSTANT_Dynamic delegates the creation of a bootstrap method. When comparing it to the invokedynamic call, you will see how it delegates linking to a bootstrap method.

One of the main goals of dynamic class-file constants is to make it simple to create new forms of materializable class-file constants, which provides language designers and compiler implementers with broader options for expressivity and performance. This is achieved by creating a new constant pool form that can be parameterized using a bootstrap method with static arguments.

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