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Java 11 and 12 ??? New Features

By : Gupta

Java 11 and 12 ??? New Features

By: Gupta

Overview of this book

With its new six-monthly release cadence, Java is moving forward faster. In addition to planned version releases, a lot of work is currently being undertaken on various Java projects at Oracle. In order to make best use of the new features in their applications and libraries, you must be well-versed with the most recent advancements. Java 11 and 12 – New Features will take you through the latest developments in Java, right from variable type inference and simplified multithreading through to performance improvements, which are covered in depth to help you make your applications more efficient. This book explains the relevance and applicability of Java's new features, and answers your questions on whether to invest in migrating to new Java versions and when to migrate. You'll also get to grips with platform features, such as AppCDS and new garbage collectors, to tune and optimize your application—from reduced launch time and latency to improved performance and throughput. By the end of this book, you will be equipped with a thorough understanding of the new features of Java 11, 12, and Project Amber, and possess the skills to apply them with a view to improving your application's performance.

Preface

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

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Section 1: JDK 10

Section 1: JDK 10

Type Inference

Type Inference

What is type inference?

Type inference with var

Type inference in previous versions of Java

Challenges

Type inference versus dynamic binding

Summary

AppCDS

AppCDS

Technical requirements

What is CDS?

AppCDS

Summary

Garbage Collector Optimizations

Garbage Collector Optimizations

Technical requirements

The GC interface

Parallel full GC for G1 (JEP 307)

Summary

Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 10

Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 10

Technical requirements

Mapping JDK 10 features with scopes and JEPs

Summary

Section 2: JDK 11

Section 2: JDK 11

Local Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters

Local Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters

Technical requirements

Lambda expressions

Lambda parameters and type inference with var

Summary

Epsilon GC

Epsilon GC

Technical requirements

The motivation behind Epsilon GC

Getting started with the HelloEpsilon GC class

Memory pressure testing with Epsilon

Designing a garbage-free application

Summary

The HTTP Client API

The HTTP Client API

Technical requirements

A quick flashback

Some examples

Summary

ZGC

ZGC

Technical requirements

The motivation

ZGC heap

ZGC phases

Colored pointers

Tuning ZGC

Summary

Flight Recorder and Mission Control

Flight Recorder and Mission Control

Technical requirements

The motivation behind JFR

Getting started with JFR

Working with custom events

Summary

Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 11

Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 11

Technical requirements

Listing the JEPs that are used in this chapter

Nest-based access control

Dynamic class-file constants

Improving AArch64 intrinsics

Removing the Java EE and CORBA modules

A key agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448

Unicode 10

ChaCha20 and Poly1305 cryptographic algorithms

Launching single file source code programs

TLS 1.3

Deprecating the Nashorn JavaScript engine

JEP 336 – deprecating the pack200 tools and API

Summary

Section 3: JDK 12

Section 3: JDK 12

Switch Expressions

Switch Expressions

Technical requirements

Issues with traditional switch constructs

Using switch expressions

Defining local variables in a switch branch

Another syntax for switch expressions

Comparing break with break <return value>

A preview language feature

Exhaustive cases

What can a switch branch execute other than returning a value?

How not to use labels and continue in switch expressions

Summary

Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 12

Miscellaneous Improvements in JDK 12

Technical requirements

Mapping features of JDK 12 scope and JEP

Shenandoah – a low-pause-time GC

The microbenchmark suite

The JVM constants API

One AArch64 port, not two

Default CDS archives

Abortable mixed collections for G1

Promptly return unused committed memory from G1

Summary

Section 4: Project Amber

Section 4: Project Amber

Enhanced Enums in Project Amber

Enhanced Enums in Project Amber

A quick background

The state and behavior of enum constants

Summary

Data Classes and Their Usage

Data Classes and Their Usage

An introduction to data classes

Diving into data classes

Summary

Raw String Literals

Raw String Literals

Technical requirements

A quick example

Issues with existing multiline string values

Welcoming raw string literals

Managing margins

Common examples

Summary

Lambda Leftovers

Lambda Leftovers

Technical requirements

Marking unused parameters with underscores

Shadowing of lambda parameters

Disambiguation of functional expressions

Summary

Pattern Matching

Pattern Matching

Technical requirements

Pattern matching

Existing issues with type testing

Type test patterns

Using pattern matching with switch constructs

Summary

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Removing the Java EE and CORBA modules

Java EE moved to the Eclipse Foundation with Java 9 under a new name – Jakarta EE (interestingly, still JEE). With Java 9, the modules and classes that were specific to Java EE were deprecated. With Java 11, these deprecated APIs and modules have been removed from the Java SE platform and the JDK. CORBA's APIs were also deprecated in Java 9 and were eventually removed in Java 11.

With Java SE 6 (core Java), you can develop web services using the following technologies:

JAX-WS (short for Java API for XML-Based Web Services)
JAXB (short for Java Architecture for XML Binding)
JAF (short for JavaBeans Activation Framework)
Common annotations

When the code for the preceding tech stack was added to core Java, it was identical to its versions for Java's Enterprise Edition (JEE). However, over time, the JEE version evolved, leading...

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Java 11 and 12 ??? New Features

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