Summary
In this chapter, we have learned how to introspect Python objects using built-in functions.
We then saw how to use the id function, and how to debug code using id. We also looked at how to check whether an object is callable, how to check whether an object has an attribute, how to check whether an object is an instance, how to check whether an object is a subclass, and finally, we looked at how to get, set, and delete properties on attributes. From all of these concepts, we learned how to inspect Python objects such as classes, methods, and functions. From the examples covered under each topic, we also learned how to apply introspection in practical use cases.
In the next chapter, we will be extending the learning from introspection and applying it further to understand reflection on Python objects.