Book Image

The C++ Standard Library - Second Edition

By : Rainer Grimm
Book Image

The C++ Standard Library - Second Edition

By: Rainer Grimm

Overview of this book

Standard template library enables programmers to speed up application development using the built-in data structures and algorithms in their codes. The C++ Standard Library is a comprehensive guide to the updated library of classes, algorithms, functions, iterators, and containers and serves as the best reference to the current C++ 17 standard. Starting with the introduction and history of the standard library, this book goes on to demonstrate how quickly you can manipulate various C++ template classes while writing your applications. You'll also learn in detail the four types of STL components. Then you'll discover the best methods to analyze or modify a string. You'll also learn how to make your application communicate with the outside world using input and output streams and how to use the non-owning string objects with regular strings. By the end of this book, you'll be able to take your programming skills to a higher level by leveraging the standard C++ libraries.
Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Free Chapter
1
Reader Testimonials
8
6. Adaptors for Containers
19
Index

Memory Model

The foundation of multithreading is a well-defined memory model. This memory model has to deal with the following points:

  • Atomic operations: Operations that can be performed without interruption.
  • Partial ordering of operations: Sequence of operations that must not be reordered.
  • Visible effects of operations: Guarantees when operations on shared variables are visible in other threads.

The C++ memory model has a lot in common with its predecessor: the Java memory model. On the contrary, C++ permits the breaking of sequential consistency. The sequential consistency is the default behaviour of atomic operations.

The sequential consistency provides two guarantees.

  1. The instructions of a program are executed in source code order.
  2. There is a global order of all operations on all threads.