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Offensive Automotive Cybersecurity
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Modern vehicles are increasingly built around a few centralized High-Performance Computers (HPCs) that consolidate functions of many of the MCU-based ECUs (Microcontroller Unit-based Electronic Control Unit) we studied in the previous chapter. Unlike those ECUs that rely on a constrained RTOS with a single tenant, HPCs leverage high performance System-on-Chip (SoC) devices. These SoCs contain heterogeneous CPU cores that may be partitioned across multiple software domains or tenants. Within the same chip, some cores may run rich operating systems such as Linux, QNX, or Android, while others run RTOS-based software for time-critical control functions. Their diverse code base, expansive hardware interfaces, and their positioning within the vehicle E/E architecture produce a much larger attack surface when compared to traditional ECUs, making them a more attractive attack target. Typically, HPCs host multiple vehicle functions such as infotainment, instrument...
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