The R language (or just R) is a programming language that is widely used by statisticians and data analysts. It is similar to Python in that it is interpreted and supports a command line. It overlaps with NumPy in that it supports advanced mathematical objects such as arrays and matrix operations. It also provides built-in graphics functionality for visualization. The R language is free software under the FSF's GNU GPL. More information is available at https://www.r-project.org.
The entry point for using R in IPython is the rpy2 module/extension. When used as an extension, rpy2 allows the use of the %R and %%R magics. When used as a module, rpy2 can be imported and used as a "normal" module in Python/IPython programs. The magics are appropriate when R code is meant to be used in conjunction with standard Python, while the modules are useful when writing Python code that will invoke some R functionality. We will outline the installation procedure for rpy2 and then...