Book Image

Python for Finance Cookbook - Second Edition

By : Eryk Lewinson
5 (1)
Book Image

Python for Finance Cookbook - Second Edition

5 (1)
By: Eryk Lewinson

Overview of this book

Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the financial industry, with a huge collection of accompanying libraries. In this new edition of the Python for Finance Cookbook, you will explore classical quantitative finance approaches to data modeling, such as GARCH, CAPM, factor models, as well as modern machine learning and deep learning solutions. You will use popular Python libraries that, in a few lines of code, provide the means to quickly process, analyze, and draw conclusions from financial data. In this new edition, more emphasis was put on exploratory data analysis to help you visualize and better understand financial data. While doing so, you will also learn how to use Streamlit to create elegant, interactive web applications to present the results of technical analyses. Using the recipes in this book, you will become proficient in financial data analysis, be it for personal or professional projects. You will also understand which potential issues to expect with such analyses and, more importantly, how to overcome them.

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Table of Contents (18 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Get in touch
Free Chapter
1
Acquiring Financial Data
Acquiring Financial Data
Getting data from Yahoo Finance
Getting data from Nasdaq Data Link
Getting data from Intrinio
Getting data from Alpha Vantage
Getting data from CoinGecko
Summary
2
Data Preprocessing
Data Preprocessing
Converting prices to returns
Adjusting the returns for inflation
Changing the frequency of time series data
Different ways of imputing missing data
Converting currencies
Different ways of aggregating trade data
Summary
3
Visualizing Financial Time Series
Visualizing Financial Time Series
Basic visualization of time series data
Visualizing seasonal patterns
Creating interactive visualizations
Creating a candlestick chart
Summary
4
Exploring Financial Time Series Data
Exploring Financial Time Series Data
Outlier detection using rolling statistics
Outlier detection with the Hampel filter
Detecting changepoints in time series
Detecting trends in time series
Detecting patterns in a time series using the Hurst exponent
Investigating stylized facts of asset returns
Summary
5
Technical Analysis and Building Interactive Dashboards
Technical Analysis and Building Interactive Dashboards
Calculating the most popular technical indicators
Downloading the technical indicators
Recognizing candlestick patterns
Building an interactive web app for technical analysis using Streamlit
Deploying the technical analysis app
Summary
6
Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Time series decomposition
Testing for stationarity in time series
Correcting for stationarity in time series
Modeling time series with exponential smoothing methods
Modeling time series with ARIMA class models
Finding the best-fitting ARIMA model with auto-ARIMA
Summary
7
Machine Learning-Based Approaches to Time Series Forecasting
Machine Learning-Based Approaches to Time Series Forecasting
Validation methods for time series
Feature engineering for time series
Time series forecasting as reduced regression
Forecasting with Meta’s Prophet
AutoML for time series forecasting with PyCaret
Summary
8
Multi-Factor Models
Multi-Factor Models
Estimating the CAPM
Estimating the Fama-French three-factor model
Estimating the rolling three-factor model on a portfolio of assets
Estimating the four- and five-factor models
Estimating cross-sectional factor models using the Fama-MacBeth regression
Summary
9
Modeling Volatility with GARCH Class Models
Modeling Volatility with GARCH Class Models
Modeling stock returns’ volatility with ARCH models
Modeling stock returns’ volatility with GARCH models
Forecasting volatility using GARCH models
Multivariate volatility forecasting with the CCC-GARCH model
Forecasting the conditional covariance matrix using DCC-GARCH
Summary
10
Monte Carlo Simulations in Finance
Monte Carlo Simulations in Finance
Simulating stock price dynamics using a geometric Brownian motion
Pricing European options using simulations
Pricing American options with Least Squares Monte Carlo
Pricing American options using QuantLib
Pricing barrier options
Estimating Value-at-Risk using Monte Carlo
Summary
11
Asset Allocation
Asset Allocation
Evaluating an equally-weighted portfolio’s performance
Finding the efficient frontier using Monte Carlo simulations
Finding the efficient frontier using optimization with SciPy
Finding the efficient frontier using convex optimization with CVXPY
Finding the optimal portfolio with Hierarchical Risk Parity
Summary
12
Backtesting Trading Strategies
Backtesting Trading Strategies
Vectorized backtesting with pandas
Event-driven backtesting with backtrader
Backtesting a long/short strategy based on the RSI
Backtesting a buy/sell strategy based on Bollinger bands
Backtesting a moving average crossover strategy using crypto data
Backtesting a mean-variance portfolio optimization
Summary
13
Applied Machine Learning: Identifying Credit Default
Applied Machine Learning: Identifying Credit Default
Loading data and managing data types
Exploratory data analysis
Splitting data into training and test sets
Identifying and dealing with missing values
Encoding categorical variables
Fitting a decision tree classifier
Organizing the project with pipelines
Tuning hyperparameters using grid searches and cross-validation
Summary
14
Advanced Concepts for Machine Learning Projects
Advanced Concepts for Machine Learning Projects
Exploring ensemble classifiers
Exploring alternative approaches to encoding categorical features
Investigating different approaches to handling imbalanced data
Leveraging the wisdom of the crowds with stacked ensembles
Bayesian hyperparameter optimization
Investigating feature importance
Exploring feature selection techniques
Exploring explainable AI techniques
Summary
15
Deep Learning in Finance
Deep Learning in Finance
Exploring fastai’s Tabular Learner
Exploring Google’s TabNet
Time series forecasting with Amazon’s DeepAR
Time series forecasting with NeuralProphet
Summary
16
Other Books You May Enjoy
Other Books You May Enjoy
17
Index
Index

Changing the frequency of time series data

When working with time series, and especially financial ones, we often need to change the frequency (periodicity) of the data. For example, we receive daily OHLC prices, but our algorithm works with weekly data. Or we have daily alternative data, and we want to match it with our live feed of intraday data.

The general rule of thumb for changing frequency can be broken down into the following:

  • Multiply/divide the log returns by the number of time periods.
  • Multiply/divide the volatility by the square root of the number of time periods.

For any process with independent increments (for example, the geometric Brownian motion), the variance of the logarithmic returns is proportional to time. For example, the variance of rt3 - rt1 is going to be the sum of the following two variances: rt2−rt1 and rt3−rt2, assuming t1≤t2≤t3. In such a case, when we also assume that the parameters of...

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