Book Image

Learn Ethereum - Second Edition

By : Xun (Brian) Wu, Zhihong Zou, Dongying Song
Book Image

Learn Ethereum - Second Edition

By: Xun (Brian) Wu, Zhihong Zou, Dongying Song

Overview of this book

Ethereum is a blockchain-based, decentralized computing platform that allows you to run smart contracts. With this book, you’ll discover the latest Ethereum tools, frameworks, wallets, and layer 2, along with setting up and running decentralized applications for the complete, end-to-end development experience. Learn Ethereum, 2nd Edition is a comprehensive overview of the Ethereum ecosystem, exploring its concepts, mechanisms, and decentralized application development process. You’ll delve into Ethereum's internals, technologies, and tools, including Ethereum 2.0 and the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), gas, and its account systems. You’ll also explore Ethereum's transition to proof of stake, L1/L2 scaling solutions, DeFi protocols, and the current marketplace. Additionally, you’ll learn about EVM-compatible blockchains, connectivity techniques, and advanced topics such as sharding, off-chain scaling, DAOs, Metaverse, and NFTs. By the end of this book, you’ll be well-equipped to write smart contracts and develop, test, and deploy DApps using various tools, wallets, and frameworks.

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Table of Contents (24 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Conventions used
Get in touch
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1
Part 1: Blockchain and Ethereum Basics
Part 1: Blockchain and Ethereum Basics
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 1: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
Chapter 1: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
Technical requirements
Introducing blockchain technology
Rehashing cryptography
Anatomizing a blockchain consensus mechanism
Understanding Bitcoin and cryptocurrency
Overview of blockchain use cases in the industry and government
Ushering in the world of Ethereum
Summary
3
Chapter 2: Ethereum Architecture and Ecosystem
Chapter 2: Ethereum Architecture and Ecosystem
Technical requirements
Introducing the Eth1 Architecture
Diving deep into Eth1
Examining mining in Eth 1.0
Understanding scaling challenges in Ethereum
Introducing Beacon Chains and Eth2
Merging Eth1 and Eth2
Scaling Ethereum with rollups
Summary
4
Chapter 3: Decentralized Finance
Chapter 3: Decentralized Finance
Technical requirements
Introducing decentralized finance
Mastering Ethereum token standards
Analyzing stablecoins and MakerDAO Dai
Understanding DeFi protocols
Making sense of cryptoeconomics
DeFi after the collapse of FTX
Summary
5
Chapter 4: EVM-Compatible Blockchain Networks
Chapter 4: EVM-Compatible Blockchain Networks
Technical requirements
Understanding EVM blockchain ecosystems
Introducing BSC
Scaling Ethereum with Polygon chains
Diving deep into high-performance Avalanche chains
Bridging interoperability gaps between blockchains
Glancing over non-EVM blockchain networks
Summary
6
Chapter 5: Deep Research and the Latest Developments in Ethereum
Chapter 5: Deep Research and the Latest Developments in Ethereum
Technical requirements
Understanding the challenges in distributed systems
Making sense of the Ethereum roadmap
Sharding and data availability sampling
Discovering MEV and PBS
zkEVM and EVM improvements
Smart contract wallets and account abstraction
DAOs
NFTs, Web3, and Metaverse
Summary
7
Part 2:Ethereum Development Fundamentals
Part 2:Ethereum Development Fundamentals
8
Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Solidity
Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Solidity
Technical requirements
Introducing Solidity
Learning about the fundamental programming structure in Solidity
Built-in data types
The pure, view, and payable functions
Enabling the contracts library
Understanding inheritance, abstract contracts, and interfaces
Examining smart contract execution under the hood
Mastering advanced programming concepts in Solidity
Types of smart contract
Putting it all together – rental property leasing
Summary
9
Chapter 7: Web3 API Fundamentals
Chapter 7: Web3 API Fundamentals
Technical requirements
Introducing Web 3.0
Setting up an Ethereum environment
Learning the fundamentals of web3.js – the Ethereum JavaScript API
Getting started with web3.py
Introducing Web3j – Web3 Java Ethereum DApp API
Summary
10
Chapter 8: Developing Your Own Cryptocurrency
Chapter 8: Developing Your Own Cryptocurrency
Technical requirements
Understanding token standards
Setting up an Ethereum development environment
Creating an ERC-20 token – MyERC20Token
Defining and implementing the ERC-20 interface
Creating an ERC-721 token – DigitalArtERC721Token
Creating an ERC-1155 token – ERC1155NFTToken
Summary
11
Part 3: Ethereum Development Fundamentals
Part 3: Ethereum Development Fundamentals
12
Chapter 9: Smart Contract Development and Test Fundamentals
Chapter 9: Smart Contract Development and Test Fundamentals
Technical requirements
Understanding Remix development fundamentals
Understanding development using Truffle and unit testing
Understanding Hardhat development and unit testing
Security testing
Summary
13
Chapter 10: Writing a Frontend to Build the NFT Marketplace DApp
Chapter 10: Writing a Frontend to Build the NFT Marketplace DApp
Technical requirements
Understanding DApps
Creating your first NFT
Working with the Web3 JavaScript API
Setting up a DApp development environment
Building frontend UI components
Running the digital art market DApp
Summary
14
Chapter 11: Ethereum Tools and Frameworks
Chapter 11: Ethereum Tools and Frameworks
Technical requirements
Understanding the Ethereum development tools and framework
Introducing Alchemy
Working with Ethereum storage
Getting to know the popular smart contract libraries
Programming languages and integrated development environments
Summary
15
Part 4:Production and Deployment
Part 4:Production and Deployment
16
Chapter 12: Setting Up Ethereum Private Chain
Chapter 12: Setting Up Ethereum Private Chain
Technical requirements
Understanding private Ethereum networks
Setting up a local private network
Private enterprise Ethereum in production use
Resources for private enterprise Ethereum development
Summary
17
Chapter 13: Deployment of Your DApps
Chapter 13: Deployment of Your DApps
A brief introduction to test networks
Deploying a smart contract to a test network using Truffle
Deploying a smart contract to the Goerli testnet using Truffle
Deploying a smart contract to the Sepolia testnet
Deploying a smart contract to a test network using Hardhat
Deploying a smart contract to the Goerli testnet using Hardhat
Summary
18
Chapter 14: Building Ethereum Wallets
Chapter 14: Building Ethereum Wallets
Technical requirements
Understanding the wallet technology
Multiparty signature wallets
Stealth addresses
Confidential transactions
Creating an Ethereum wallet
Working with third-party Ethereum wallets
Summary
19
Chapter 15: Oracles, Technology, and Layer 2 in Practice
Chapter 15: Oracles, Technology, and Layer 2 in Practice
Technical requirements
Understanding oracles
Working with oracles
Diving deep into cross-chain technology
Cross-chain in practice
Working with Layer 2
Summary
20
Part 5:Conclusion
Part 5:Conclusion
21
Chapter 16: Conclusion
Chapter 16: Conclusion
Technical requirements
Facing the challenges of Ethereum and blockchain
Emerging trends in Ethereum and the blockchain ecosystem
Meeting the future of Ethereum
Summary
22
Index
Index
Why subscribe?
23
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Scaling Ethereum with rollups

Due to the popularity of the Ethereum blockchain, the Ethereum network is constantly congested. With limited space on the base layer of the Ethereum blockchain, the transaction cost is very expensive, as everyone competes for scarce block space. Think of the Ethereum block space as Manhattan, and the Ethereum network as the highway I95 between Washington DC and New York City, and you will be able to grasp what I am referring to. If everyone drives in a single car to Manhattan from Washington DC on I95, you will see the traffic backed up long before you are close to the city.

Instead of driving solo, you could take a bus, train, or flight to get to Manhattan from Washington DC. The only limitation is that you may have to adjust your routine based on the public transportation schedule.

This is how L2 rollups work. Instead of sending individual transactions to the Ethereum network and processing them one by one in real time or close to real time, L2...

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