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Table Of Contents
Dancing with Qubits
By :
Anyone who is not shocked by
quantum theory has not understood it.
Niels Bohr [1]
A quantum bit, or qubit, is the fundamental information unit of quantum computing. In this chapter, I give a mathematical definition of a qubit based on the foundational material in the first part of this book. Together we examine the operations you can perform on a single qubit from both mathematical and computational perspectives.
Despite a single qubit living in a seemingly strange two-dimensional complex Hilbert space, we can visualize it, its superposition, and its behavior by projecting onto the surface of a sphere in R3.
All vector spaces considered in this chapter are over C, the field of complex numbers introduced in section 3.9
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