Lets practice the following exercise:
The title clock program is as follows:
setInterval(function () { document.title = new Date().toTimeString(); }, 1000);To animate resizing of a 200 x 200 pop up to 400 x 400, use the following code:
var w = window.open( 'http://phpied.com', 'my', 'width = 200, height = 200'); var i = setInterval((function () { var size = 200; return function () { size += 5; w.resizeTo(size, size); if (size === 400) { clearInterval(i); } }; }()), 100);Every 100 ms (1/10th of a second) the pop-up size increases by five pixels. You keep a reference to the interval
iso you can clear it once done. The variablesizetracks the pop-up size (and why not keep it private inside a closure).The earthquake program is as follows:
var i = setInterval((function () { var start = +new Date(); // Date.now() in ES5 return function () { w.moveTo( Math.round(Math.random() * 100), Math.round(Math.random() * 100)); if (new Date() - start > 5000) { clearInterval(i); } }; }()), 20);Try all of them, but using
requestAnimationFrame()instead ofsetInterval().A different
walkDOM()with a callback is as follows:function walkDOM(n, cb) { cb(n); var i, children = n.childNodes, len = children.length, child; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { child = n.childNodes[i]; if (child.hasChildNodes()) { walkDOM(child, cb); } } }Testing:
> walkDOM(document.documentElement, console.dir.bind(console)); html head title body h1 ...To remove content and clean up functions, use the following code:
// helper function isFunction(f) { return Object.prototype.toString.call(f) === "[object Function]"; } function removeDom(node) { var i, len, attr; // first drill down inspecting the children // and only after that remove the current node while (node.firstChild) { removeDom(node.firstChild); } // not all nodes have attributes, e.g. text nodes don't len = node.attributes ? node.attributes.length : 0; // cleanup loop // e.g. node === <body>, // node.attributes[0].name === "onload" // node.onload === function()... // node.onload is not enumerable so we can't use // a for-in loop and have to go the attributes route for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { attr = node[node.attributes[i].name]; if (isFunction(attr)) { // console.log(node, attr); attr = null; } } node.parentNode.removeChild(node); }Testing:
> removeDom(document.body);
To include scripts dynamically, use the following code:
function include(url) { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.src = url; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]. appendChild(s); }Testing:
> include("http://www.phpied.com/files/jinc/1.js"); > include("http://www.phpied.com/files/jinc/2.js");Events: The event utility program is as follows:
var myevent = (function () { // wrap some private stuff in a closure var add, remove, toStr = Object.prototype.toString; // helper function toArray(a) { // already an array if (toStr.call(a) === '[object Array]') { return a; } // duck-typing HTML collections, arguments etc var result, i, len; if ('length' in a) { for (result = [], i = 0, len = a.length; i < len; i++) { result[i] = a[i]; } return result; } // primitives and non-array-like objects // become the first and single array element return [a]; } // define add() and remove() depending // on the browser's capabilities if (document.addEventListener) { add = function (node, ev, cb) { node.addEventListener(ev, cb, false); }; remove = function (node, ev, cb) { node.removeEventListener(ev, cb, false); }; } else if (document.attachEvent) { add = function (node, ev, cb) { node.attachEvent('on' + ev, cb); }; remove = function (node, ev, cb) { node.detachEvent('on' + ev, cb); }; } else { add = function (node, ev, cb) { node['on' + ev] = cb; }; remove = function (node, ev) { node['on' + ev] = null; }; } // public API return { addListener: function (element, event_name, callback) { // element could also be an array of elements element = toArray(element); for (var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) { add(element[i], event_name, callback); } }, removeListener: function (element, event_name, callback) { // same as add(), only practicing a different loop var i = 0, els = toArray(element), len = els.length; for (; i < len; i++) { remove(els[i], event_name, callback); } }, getEvent: function (event) { return event || window.event; }, getTarget: function (event) { var e = this.getEvent(event); return e.target || e.srcElement; }, stopPropagation: function (event) { var e = this.getEvent(event); if (e.stopPropagation) { e.stopPropagation(); } else { e.cancelBubble = true; } }, preventDefault: function (event) { var e = this.getEvent(event); if (e.preventDefault) { e.preventDefault(); } else { e.returnValue = false; } } }; }());Testing: Go to any page with links, execute the following, and then click any link:
function myCallback(e) { e = myevent.getEvent(e); alert(myevent.getTarget(e).href); myevent.stopPropagation(e); myevent.preventDefault(e); } myevent.addListener(document.links, 'click', myCallback);Move a
divaround with the keyboard using the following code:// add a div to the bottom of the page var div = document.createElement('div'); div.style.cssText = 'width: 100px; height: 100px; background: red; position: absolute;'; document.body.appendChild(div); // remember coordinates var x = div.offsetLeft; var y = div.offsetTop; myevent.addListener(document.body, 'keydown', function (e) { // prevent scrolling myevent.preventDefault(e); switch (e.keyCode) { case 37: // left x--; break; case 38: // up y--; break; case 39: // right x++; break; case 40: // down y++; break; default: // not interested } // move div.style.left = x + 'px'; div.style.top = y + 'px'; });Your own Ajax utility:
var ajax = { getXHR: function () { var ids = ['MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHTTP', 'Microsoft.XMLHTTP']; var xhr; if (typeof XMLHttpRequest === 'function') { xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); } else { // IE: try to find an ActiveX object to use for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) { try { xhr = new ActiveXObject(ids[i]); break; } catch (e) {} } } return xhr; }, request: function (url, method, cb, post_body) { var xhr = this.getXHR(); xhr.onreadystatechange = (function (myxhr) { return function () { if (myxhr.readyState === 4 && myxhr.status === 200) { cb(myxhr); } }; }(xhr)); xhr.open(method.toUpperCase(), url, true); xhr.send(post_body || ''); } };When testing, remember that same origin restrictions apply, so you have to be on the same domain. You can go to http://www.phpied.com/files/jinc/, which is a directory listing and then test in the console:
function myCallback(xhr) { alert(xhr.responseText); } ajax.request('1.css', 'get', myCallback); ajax.request('1.css', 'post', myCallback, 'first=John&last=Smith');The result of the two is the same, but if you look into the Network tab of the Web Inspector, you can see that the second is indeed a
POSTrequest with a body.