See the WordPress Codex "Action" reference (http://goo.gl/zo5vY) for a more complete list.
Runs at the beginning of every admin page before the page is rendered. If you need to display data to the admin users, this is a great action to hook into.
Runs after the basic admin panel menu structure is in place. Hook into this action when adding your own custom menu items.
Example:
add_action('admin_menu', 'ContentRotator::add_menu_item');
Runs as meta boxes are being constructed in the manager. Meta boxes are any "extra" bit of data displayed, for example, custom fields on a post edit page.
Example:
add_action( 'do_meta_boxes', 'StandardizedCustomContent::remove_default_custom_fields', 10, 3 );
Runs after WordPress has finished loading but before any headers are sent.
Example:
add_action('init', 'LiveSearch::initialize');
This action is called immediately after a post or page is created or updated.
Example:
add_action('save_post', 'StandardizedCustomContent::save_custom_fields', 1, 2 );