Book Image

Solidity Programming Essentials - Second Edition

By : Ritesh Modi
Book Image

Solidity Programming Essentials - Second Edition

By: Ritesh Modi

Overview of this book

Solidity is a high-level language for writing smart contracts, and the syntax has large similarities with JavaScript, thereby making it easier for developers to learn, design, compile, and deploy smart contracts on large blockchain ecosystems including Ethereum and Polygon among others. This book guides you in understanding Solidity programming from scratch. The book starts with step-by-step instructions for the installation of multiple tools and private blockchain, along with foundational concepts such as variables, data types, and programming constructs. You’ll then explore contracts based on an object-oriented paradigm, including the usage of constructors, interfaces, libraries, and abstract contracts. The following chapters help you get to grips with testing and debugging smart contracts. As you advance, you’ll learn about advanced concepts like assembly programming, advanced interfaces, usage of recovery, and error handling using try-catch blocks. You’ll also explore multiple design patterns for smart contracts alongside developing secure smart contracts, as well as gain a solid understanding of writing upgradable smart concepts and data modeling. Finally, you’ll discover how to create your own ERC20 and NFT tokens from scratch. By the end of this book, you will be able to write, deploy, and test smart contracts in Ethereum.
Table of Contents (21 chapters)
1
Part 1: The Fundamentals of Solidity and Ethereum
7
Part 2: Writing Robust Smart Contracts
13
Part 3: Advanced Smart Contracts

Scopes and blocks

Assembly blocks can, in turn, have nested blocks. A block is a scope, and any variables declared within a scope get deallocated as soon as the execution leaves the block. Each block defines a local scope.

Variables declared within nested blocks are not visible outside of the block. They get deallocated after the block execution completes. The innerValue variable declared within the inner block cannot be used outside the block. It is visible only inside the block in which it is declared. The same goes for the outerValue variable, which is not accessible outside the assembly block but is available for reading inside its nested blocks.

Moreover, variables declared in the parent scope cannot be redefined in the inner scope or block. The outerValue is already declared in the parent scope, and trying to redefine it using the let keyword within an inner block raises a variable name is already taken compile-time error.

Also, variables declared in one scope cannot...