Book Image

Solidity Programming Essentials - Second Edition

By : Ritesh Modi
Book Image

Solidity Programming Essentials - Second Edition

By: Ritesh Modi

Overview of this book

Solidity is a high-level language for writing smart contracts, and the syntax has large similarities with JavaScript, thereby making it easier for developers to learn, design, compile, and deploy smart contracts on large blockchain ecosystems including Ethereum and Polygon among others. This book guides you in understanding Solidity programming from scratch. The book starts with step-by-step instructions for the installation of multiple tools and private blockchain, along with foundational concepts such as variables, data types, and programming constructs. You’ll then explore contracts based on an object-oriented paradigm, including the usage of constructors, interfaces, libraries, and abstract contracts. The following chapters help you get to grips with testing and debugging smart contracts. As you advance, you’ll learn about advanced concepts like assembly programming, advanced interfaces, usage of recovery, and error handling using try-catch blocks. You’ll also explore multiple design patterns for smart contracts alongside developing secure smart contracts, as well as gain a solid understanding of writing upgradable smart concepts and data modeling. Finally, you’ll discover how to create your own ERC20 and NFT tokens from scratch. By the end of this book, you will be able to write, deploy, and test smart contracts in Ethereum.
Table of Contents (21 chapters)
1
Part 1: The Fundamentals of Solidity and Ethereum
7
Part 2: Writing Robust Smart Contracts
13
Part 3: Advanced Smart Contracts

Visibility scope

As we know, contracts comprise functions and state variables. So, when we declare functions and state variables, the next question that arises is who can access them. Visibility scope helps in determining who can view and access them. Solidity provides four levels of visibility modifiers. They vary in their usage and determine the level of visibility to their callers:

  • Private: This is the most limited and constrained visibility modifier available in Solidity. Private means private to a contract. So, if a function is defined and marked as private within a contract, this function is only visible within the contract and it is not callable or visible from outside the contract, including child contracts.
  • Internal: This is built on top of private scoping rules, and internal functions are visible within a contract and not from outside. However, it adds another rule that states that functions within any contract inheriting it can also call and have visibility...