Book Image

A Practical Guide to Quantum Machine Learning and Quantum Optimization

By : Elías F. Combarro, Samuel González-Castillo
4.5 (2)
Book Image

A Practical Guide to Quantum Machine Learning and Quantum Optimization

4.5 (2)
By: Elías F. Combarro, Samuel González-Castillo

Overview of this book

This book provides deep coverage of modern quantum algorithms that can be used to solve real-world problems. You’ll be introduced to quantum computing using a hands-on approach with minimal prerequisites. You’ll discover many algorithms, tools, and methods to model optimization problems with the QUBO and Ising formalisms, and you will find out how to solve optimization problems with quantum annealing, QAOA, Grover Adaptive Search (GAS), and VQE. This book also shows you how to train quantum machine learning models, such as quantum support vector machines, quantum neural networks, and quantum generative adversarial networks. The book takes a straightforward path to help you learn about quantum algorithms, illustrating them with code that’s ready to be run on quantum simulators and actual quantum computers. You’ll also learn how to utilize programming frameworks such as IBM’s Qiskit, Xanadu’s PennyLane, and D-Wave’s Leap. Through reading this book, you will not only build a solid foundation of the fundamentals of quantum computing, but you will also become familiar with a wide variety of modern quantum algorithms. Moreover, this book will give you the programming skills that will enable you to start applying quantum methods to solve practical problems right away.
Table of Contents (27 chapters)
1
Part I: I, for One, Welcome our New Quantum Overlords
4
Part II: When Time is Gold: Tools for Quantum Optimization
10
Part III: A Match Made in Heaven: Quantum Machine Learning
16
Part IV: Afterword and Appendices
17
Chapter 13: Afterword: The Future of Quantum Computing
19
Bibliography
20
Index
Appendix A: Complex Numbers
Appendix E: Production Notes

12.3 Quantum GANs in Qiskit

An early proposal of a QGAN was introduced by IBM researchers Zoufal, Lucchi, and Woerner [101] to learn a probability distribution using a QGAN with a quantum generator and a classical discriminator. In this section, we will discuss how to implement this kind of QGAN with Qiskit, so let’s put everything in more precise terms.

This type of quantum GAN is given a dataset of real numbers that follow a certain probability distribution. This distribution may potentially be continuous, but it could be discretized to take some values with ; this will usually be done by fixing the values and , rounding the samples and ignoring those that are smaller than or bigger than . Each of the resulting labels will have a certain probability of appearing in the dataset. That is the distribution that we want the generator in our QGAN to learn.

And what does the generator of these QGANs look like? It is a quantum generator that is dependent on some classical parameters...