Book Image

Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow

By : Motaz Saad, Thushan Ganegedara
Book Image

Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow

By: Motaz Saad, Thushan Ganegedara

Overview of this book

Natural language processing (NLP) supplies the majority of data available to deep learning applications, while TensorFlow is the most important deep learning framework currently available. Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow brings TensorFlow and NLP together to give you invaluable tools to work with the immense volume of unstructured data in today’s data streams, and apply these tools to specific NLP tasks. Thushan Ganegedara starts by giving you a grounding in NLP and TensorFlow basics. You'll then learn how to use Word2vec, including advanced extensions, to create word embeddings that turn sequences of words into vectors accessible to deep learning algorithms. Chapters on classical deep learning algorithms, like convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN), demonstrate important NLP tasks as sentence classification and language generation. You will learn how to apply high-performance RNN models, like long short-term memory (LSTM) cells, to NLP tasks. You will also explore neural machine translation and implement a neural machine translator. After reading this book, you will gain an understanding of NLP and you'll have the skills to apply TensorFlow in deep learning NLP applications, and how to perform specific NLP tasks.
Table of Contents (16 chapters)
Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow
Contributors
Preface
Index

Improving NMTs


As you can see from the preceding results, our translation model is not behaving ideally. These results were obtained by running the optimization for more than 12 hours on a single NVIDIA 1080 Ti GPU. Also note that this is not even the full dataset, we only used 250,000 sentence pairs for training. However, if you type something into Google Translate, which uses the Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) system, the translation almost always looks very realistic with only minor mistakes. So it is important to know how we can improve the model so that it can produce better results. In this section, we will discuss several ways of improving NMTs such as teacher forcing, deep LSTMs, and attention mechanism.

Teacher forcing

As we discussed in the Training the NMT section, we do the following to train the NMT:

  • First, we fed the full encoder sentence to obtain the final state outputs of the encoder

  • We then set the final states of the encoder to be the initial state of the decoder...