The name TypoScript is confusing. TypoScript is not a classical script, let alone a programming language in the usual sense. It cannot even be classified as a descriptive language similar to HTML. What then is TypoScript? To answer this question you must take a look at the basic principle of all Content Management Systems—content and layout must be separated from each other and can be manipulated through templates and stylesheets. Tags that are dynamically replaced by the CMS's content are preferred. The type of tag varies mostly between<Tag> and {Tag}, but the principle is always the same.
But TYPO3 doesn't stop here—because of the ability to create the complete output template with TypoScript, the developer has full control over the layout. The influence of this template on the final design in comparison to normal HTML templates is disproportionately higher.
Then what is TypoScript? The statement that it is not a programming language is not entirely true, since TypoScript, strictly speaking, can be regarded as a declarative programming language. TypoScript is a tool with which you specify what the output of the website and/or TYPO3 will look like. In contrast to a true programming language, you simply use TypoScript to describe the look of the result; the actual path to the solution is not programmed.