Book Image

Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow - Second Edition

By : Thushan Ganegedara
2 (1)
Book Image

Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow - Second Edition

2 (1)
By: Thushan Ganegedara

Overview of this book

Learning how to solve natural language processing (NLP) problems is an important skill to master due to the explosive growth of data combined with the demand for machine learning solutions in production. Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow, Second Edition, will teach you how to solve common real-world NLP problems with a variety of deep learning model architectures. The book starts by getting readers familiar with NLP and the basics of TensorFlow. Then, it gradually teaches you different facets of TensorFlow 2.x. In the following chapters, you then learn how to generate powerful word vectors, classify text, generate new text, and generate image captions, among other exciting use-cases of real-world NLP. TensorFlow has evolved to be an ecosystem that supports a machine learning workflow through ingesting and transforming data, building models, monitoring, and productionization. We will then read text directly from files and perform the required transformations through a TensorFlow data pipeline. We will also see how to use a versatile visualization tool known as TensorBoard to visualize our models. By the end of this NLP book, you will be comfortable with using TensorFlow to build deep learning models with many different architectures, and efficiently ingest data using TensorFlow Additionally, you’ll be able to confidently use TensorFlow throughout your machine learning workflow.
Table of Contents (15 chapters)
12
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13
Index

Evaluating the results quantitatively

There are many different techniques for evaluating the quality and the relevancy of the captions generated. We will briefly discuss several such metrics we can use to evaluate the captions. We will discuss four metrics: BLEU, ROGUE, METEOR, and CIDEr.

All these measures share a key objective, to measure the adequacy (the meaning of the generated text) and fluency (the grammatical correctness of text) of the generated text. To calculate all these measures, we will use a candidate sentence and a reference sentence, where a candidate sentence is the sentence/phrase predicted by our algorithm and the reference sentence is the true sentence/phrase we want to compare with.

BLEU

Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) was proposed by Papineni and others in BLEU: A Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation, Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), Philadelphia, July (2002)...