Decorator pattern
Decorator is a pattern that also acts as a wrapper but only focuses on a single object. It works by changing the existing behavior of the object at runtime without extending it using a subclass.
One analogy of this pattern is when you occupy a room and you want to embellish it with flowers. You do not alter anything in the room. Instead, you buy some flowers and make the room pretty and colorful. This is how Decorators work with objects as they enhance their behavior.
We will explain what we mean next.
When you have an object that performs some useful actions, and there is a requirement to include additional functionality when performing those actions, then it makes sense to use a Decorator pattern. The idea is to extend or decorate this object with additional functionality while keeping the original object intact. Decorator can also control when and how the original class method is called, so it can also be used as an access control mechanism.