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Table Of Contents
Linux Essentials - Second Edition
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File ownership is meaningless without some way to specify what particular users can do with their own or other users’ files. That’s where permissions enter the picture. Linux’s permission structure is modeled after that of Unix, and it requires a bit of explanation before you tackle the issue. Once you understand the basics, you can begin modifying permissions, using either a GUI file manager or a text-mode shell. You can also set default permissions for new files that you create.

To understand Unix (and hence Linux) permissions, you may want to begin with the display created by the ls command, which lists the files in a directory, in conjunction with its -l option, which creates a long directory listing that includes files’ permissions. For instance, to see a long listing of the file test, you might type the following:
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