Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language - Second Edition

By : Clinton L. Jeffery
Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language - Second Edition

By: Clinton L. Jeffery

Overview of this book

There are many reasons to build a programming language: out of necessity, as a learning exercise, or just for fun. Whatever your reasons, this book gives you the tools to succeed. You’ll build the frontend of a compiler for your language and generate a lexical analyzer and parser using Lex and YACC tools. Then you’ll explore a series of syntax tree traversals before looking at code generation for a bytecode virtual machine or native code. In this edition, a new chapter has been added to assist you in comprehending the nuances and distinctions between preprocessors and transpilers. Code examples have been modernized, expanded, and rigorously tested, and all content has undergone thorough refreshing. You’ll learn to implement code generation techniques using practical examples, including the Unicon Preprocessor and transpiling Jzero code to Unicon. You'll move to domain-specific language features and learn to create them as built-in operators and functions. You’ll also cover garbage collection. Dr. Jeffery’s experiences building the Unicon language are used to add context to the concepts, and relevant examples are provided in both Unicon and Java so that you can follow along in your language of choice. By the end of this book, you'll be able to build and deploy your own domain-specific language.
Table of Contents (27 chapters)
1
Section I: Programming Language Frontends
7
Section II: Syntax Tree Traversals
13
Section III: Code Generation and Runtime Systems
22
Section IV: Appendix
23
Answers
24
Other Books You May Enjoy
25
Index

Converting intermediate code to Jzero bytecode

The Jzero intermediate code generator from Chapter 9, Intermediate Code Generation, traversed a tree and created a list of intermediate code as a synthesized attribute in each tree node, named icode. The intermediate code for the whole program is the icode attribute in the root node of the syntax tree. In this section, we will use this list to produce our output bytecode. To generate bytecode, the gencode() method in the j0 class calls a new method in this class, named bytecode(), and passes it the intermediate code in root.icode as its input. The Unicon gencode() method that invokes this functionality in j0.icn looks like the following code block. The two highlighted lines at the end of the following code snippet are added for bytecode generation, verified by simple text output:

   method gencode(root)
      root.genfirst()
      root.genfollow()
      root.gentargets()
      root.gencode()
      labeltable := table()
      bcode...