Throughput is the quantity of data that is sent and received at a given time, while latency is defined as the time between when the user initiates a request in the application and receives the response from the application. When it comes to networks, bandwidth plays an important role.
Throughput and latency have a direct relationship as they work together. Lower latency means high throughput as more data can transfer in less time. To understand this better, let's take the analogy of a country's transportation infrastructure.
Let's say that highways with lanes are network pipelines and cars are data packets. Suppose a given highway has 16 lanes between 2 cities, but that not all vehicles can reach the destination at the desired time; they may get delayed because of traffic congestion, lanes closing, or accidents. Here, latency determines how fast a car can travel...