Book Image

Interpretable Machine Learning with Python - Second Edition

By : Serg Masís
4 (4)
Book Image

Interpretable Machine Learning with Python - Second Edition

4 (4)
By: Serg Masís

Overview of this book

Interpretable Machine Learning with Python, Second Edition, brings to light the key concepts of interpreting machine learning models by analyzing real-world data, providing you with a wide range of skills and tools to decipher the results of even the most complex models. Build your interpretability toolkit with several use cases, from flight delay prediction to waste classification to COMPAS risk assessment scores. This book is full of useful techniques, introducing them to the right use case. Learn traditional methods, such as feature importance and partial dependence plots to integrated gradients for NLP interpretations and gradient-based attribution methods, such as saliency maps. In addition to the step-by-step code, you’ll get hands-on with tuning models and training data for interpretability by reducing complexity, mitigating bias, placing guardrails, and enhancing reliability. By the end of the book, you’ll be confident in tackling interpretability challenges with black-box models using tabular, language, image, and time series data.
Table of Contents (17 chapters)
15
Other Books You May Enjoy
16
Index

Feature interactions

Features may not influence predictions independently. For example, as discussed in Chapter 2, Key Concepts of Interpretability, determining obesity based solely on weight isn’t possible. A person’s height or body fat, muscle, and other percentages are needed. Models understand data through correlations, and features are often correlated because they are naturally related, even if they are not linearly related. Interactions are what the model may do with correlated features. For instance, a decision tree may put them in the same branch, or a neural network may arrange its parameters in such a way that it creates interaction effects. This also occurs in our case. Let’s explore this through several feature interaction visualizations.

SHAP bar plot with clustering

SHAP comes with a hierarchical clustering method (shap.utils.hclust) that allows for the grouping of training features based on the “redundancy” between any given...