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  • Book Overview & Buying Learning Apache Cassandra
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Learning Apache Cassandra

Learning Apache Cassandra - Second Edition

By : Sandeep Yarabarla, Graham Doman
4 (26)
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Learning Apache Cassandra

Learning Apache Cassandra

4 (26)
By: Sandeep Yarabarla, Graham Doman
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Cassandra is a distributed database that stands out thanks to its robust feature set and intuitive interface, while providing high availability and scalability of a distributed data store. This book will introduce you to the rich feature set offered by Cassandra, and empower you to create and manage a highly scalable, performant and fault-tolerant database layer. The book starts by explaining the new features implemented in Cassandra 3.x and get you set up with Cassandra. Then you’ll walk through data modeling in Cassandra and the rich feature set available to design a flexible schema. Next you’ll learn to create tables with composite partition keys, collections and user-defined types and get to know different methods to avoid denormalization of data. You will then proceed to create user-defined functions and aggregates in Cassandra. Then, you will set up a multi node cluster and see how the dynamics of Cassandra change with it. Finally, you will implement some application-level optimizations using a Java client. By the end of this book, you'll be fully equipped to build powerful, scalable Cassandra database layers for your applications.
Table of Contents (15 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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What this book covers
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What you need for this book
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Who this book is for
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Conventions
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Reader feedback
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Customer support
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1
Getting Up and Running with Cassandra
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Getting Up and Running with Cassandra
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What is big data?
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Challenges of modern applications
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Why not relational databases?
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How to handle big data
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What is Cassandra and why Cassandra?
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MapReduce and Spark
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Installing Cassandra
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Installing the JDK
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Installing on Debian-based systems (Ubuntu)
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Installing on RHEL-based systems
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Installing on Windows
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Installing on Mac OS X
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Installing the binary tarball
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Bootstrapping the project
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CQL—the Cassandra Query Language
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Interacting with Cassandra
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Getting started with CQL
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New features in Cassandra 2.2, 3.0, and 3.X
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Summary
2
The First Table
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The First Table
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How to configure keyspaces
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Creating the users table
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Inserting data
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Selecting data
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Developing a mental model for Cassandra
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Summary
3
Organizing Related Data
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Organizing Related Data
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A table for status updates
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Working with status updates
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Anatomy of a compound primary key
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Beyond two columns
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Compound keys represent parent-child relationships
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Coupling parents and children using static columns
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Refining our mental model
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Summary
4
Beyond Key-Value Lookup
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Beyond Key-Value Lookup
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Looking up rows by partition
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The limits of the WHERE keyword
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Retrieving status updates for a specific time range
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Paginating over rows in a partition
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Reversing the order of rows
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Paginating over multiple partitions
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JSON support
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Building an autocomplete function
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Summary
5
Establishing Relationships
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Establishing Relationships
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Modeling follow relationships
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Storing follow relationships
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Cassandra data modelling
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Denormalization
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Looking up follow relationships
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Unfollowing users
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Using secondary indexes to avoid denormalization
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Materialized views
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Summary
6
Denormalizing Data for Maximum Performance
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Denormalizing Data for Maximum Performance
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A normalized approach
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Partial denormalization
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Fully denormalizing the home timeline
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Write complexity and data integrity
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Batching in Cassandra
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Summary
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Expanding Your Data Model
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Expanding Your Data Model
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Viewing a keyspace schema
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Viewing a table schema in cqlsh
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Adding columns to tables
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Deleting columns
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Updating the existing rows
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Removing a value from a column
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Inserts, updates, and upserts
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Lightweight transactions and their cost
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Summary
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Collections, Tuples, and User-Defined Types
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Collections, Tuples, and User-Defined Types
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The problem with concurrent updates
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Collection columns and concurrent updates
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Using lists for ordered, non-unique values
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Using maps to store key-value pairs
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Collections in inserts
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Collections and secondary indexes
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The limitations of collections
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Working with tuples
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User-defined types
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Choosing between tuples and user-defined types
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Nested collections
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Nested tuples/UDTs
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Comparing data structures
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Summary
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Aggregating Time-Series Data
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Aggregating Time-Series Data
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Recording discrete analytics observations
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Recording aggregate analytics observations
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Recording analytics observations
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Cassandra configuration
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User-defined functions
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User-defined aggregate functions
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Summary
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How Cassandra Distributes Data
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How Cassandra Distributes Data
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Data distribution in Cassandra
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Data replication in Cassandra
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Gossip protocol
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Multidata center cluster
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Consistency
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Handling conflicting data
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Distributed deletion
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Table configuration options
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Summary
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Cassandra Multi-Node Cluster
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Cassandra Multi-Node Cluster
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3 - node cluster
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Consistency in action
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Cassandra internals
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Cassandra repair mechanisms
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Summary
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Application Development Using the Java Driver
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Application Development Using the Java Driver
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A simple query
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Prepared statements
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QueryBuilder API
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Asynchronous querying
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Driver policies
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Summary
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Peeking under the Hood
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Peeking under the Hood
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Using cassandra-cli
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The structure of a simple primary key table
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Compound primary keys in column families
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Collection columns in column families
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Summary
14
Authentication and Authorization
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Authentication and Authorization
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Enabling authentication and authorization
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Setting up a user
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Controlling access
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Authorization in action
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Security beyond authentication and authorization
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Summary
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Wrapping up

Unfollowing users

It's conceivable that bob may end up posting too many funny cat pictures for alice's taste, in which case, she may decide to unfollow him. For alice to do that, we'll need to remove the rows representing the follow relationship from both the inbound and outbound follow tables:

DELETE FROM "user_outbound_follows" 
WHERE "follower_username" = 'alice' 
  AND "followed_username" = 'bob'; 

DELETE FROM "user_inbound_follows" 
WHERE "followed_username" = 'bob' 
  AND "follower_username" = 'alice';

This is our first encounter with CQL's DELETE statement, although it should look quite familiar to anyone who's worked with SQL. To delete a row, we specify the full primary key of the row, that is, both the partition key(s) and the clustering column(s). The WHERE...AND syntax is the same as that used in SELECT queries, introduced in Chapter 3, Organizing Related Data.

To check the effects of the deletion, we can query again for the list of users alice follows:

  SELECT "followed_username...
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Learning Apache Cassandra
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