Book Image

Learning Apache Cassandra - Second Edition

Book Image

Learning Apache Cassandra - Second Edition

Overview of this book

Cassandra is a distributed database that stands out thanks to its robust feature set and intuitive interface, while providing high availability and scalability of a distributed data store. This book will introduce you to the rich feature set offered by Cassandra, and empower you to create and manage a highly scalable, performant and fault-tolerant database layer. The book starts by explaining the new features implemented in Cassandra 3.x and get you set up with Cassandra. Then you’ll walk through data modeling in Cassandra and the rich feature set available to design a flexible schema. Next you’ll learn to create tables with composite partition keys, collections and user-defined types and get to know different methods to avoid denormalization of data. You will then proceed to create user-defined functions and aggregates in Cassandra. Then, you will set up a multi node cluster and see how the dynamics of Cassandra change with it. Finally, you will implement some application-level optimizations using a Java client. By the end of this book, you'll be fully equipped to build powerful, scalable Cassandra database layers for your applications.
Table of Contents (14 chapters)

Nested collections


Suppose that we wish store a set of phone numbers for a user each identified by a category of phone type, such as home phone or office phone. We can do this by using a map where the key is phone type and value can be a set of phone numbers, assuming there are multiple phone numbers of each type. This is an example of nested collection where we are using a set as value within a map. Let us try to create the collection:

ALTER TABLE "users" 
ADD "telephone_numbers" map<text, set<text>>;

You will get an error saying non-frozen collections are not allowed inside collections:

Cassandra lets us use nested collection types only if we use the frozen collections nested within the frozen or non-frozen collections. This means we cannot update individual values of the frozen collection. To create the preceding collection, use this:

ALTER TABLE "users" 
ADD "telephone_numbers" map<text, frozen<set<text>>>; 

Now let's add some home as well as office phone numbers...