Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By : Clinton L. Jeffery
Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By: Clinton L. Jeffery

Overview of this book

The need for different types of computer languages is growing rapidly and developers prefer creating domain-specific languages for solving specific application domain problems. Building your own programming language has its advantages. It can be your antidote to the ever-increasing size and complexity of software. In this book, you’ll start with implementing the frontend of a compiler for your language, including a lexical analyzer and parser. The book covers a series of traversals of syntax trees, culminating with code generation for a bytecode virtual machine. Moving ahead, you’ll learn how domain-specific language features are often best represented by operators and functions that are built into the language, rather than library functions. We’ll conclude with how to implement garbage collection, including reference counting and mark-and-sweep garbage collection. Throughout the book, Dr. Jeffery weaves in his experience of building the Unicon programming language to give better context to the concepts where relevant examples are provided in both Unicon and Java so that you can follow the code of your choice of either a very high-level language with advanced features, or a mainstream language. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build and deploy your own domain-specific languages, capable of compiling and running programs.
Table of Contents (25 chapters)
1
Section 1: Programming Language Frontends
7
Section 2: Syntax Tree Traversals
13
Section 3: Code Generation and Runtime Systems
21
Section 4: Appendix

An intermediate code instruction set

Intermediate code is like machine-independent assembler code for an abstract CPU. The instruction set defines a set of opcodes. Each opcode specifies its semantics, including how many operands it uses and what state changes occur from executing it. Because this is intermediate code, we do not have to worry about registers or addressing modes – we can just define state changes in terms of what modifications must occur in main memory. The intermediate code instruction set includes both regular instructions and pseudo instructions, as is the case for other assembler languages. Let's look at a set of opcodes for the Jzero language. There are two categories of opcodes: instructions and declarations.

Instructions

Except for immediate mode, the operands of instructions are addresses and instructions that implicitly dereference values in memory located at those addresses. On typical modern machines, units of words are 64 bits. Offsets...