Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By : Clinton L. Jeffery
Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By: Clinton L. Jeffery

Overview of this book

The need for different types of computer languages is growing rapidly and developers prefer creating domain-specific languages for solving specific application domain problems. Building your own programming language has its advantages. It can be your antidote to the ever-increasing size and complexity of software. In this book, you’ll start with implementing the frontend of a compiler for your language, including a lexical analyzer and parser. The book covers a series of traversals of syntax trees, culminating with code generation for a bytecode virtual machine. Moving ahead, you’ll learn how domain-specific language features are often best represented by operators and functions that are built into the language, rather than library functions. We’ll conclude with how to implement garbage collection, including reference counting and mark-and-sweep garbage collection. Throughout the book, Dr. Jeffery weaves in his experience of building the Unicon programming language to give better context to the concepts where relevant examples are provided in both Unicon and Java so that you can follow the code of your choice of either a very high-level language with advanced features, or a mainstream language. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build and deploy your own domain-specific languages, capable of compiling and running programs.
Table of Contents (25 chapters)
1
Section 1: Programming Language Frontends
7
Section 2: Syntax Tree Traversals
13
Section 3: Code Generation and Runtime Systems
21
Section 4: Appendix

Summary

In this chapter, you learned how to generate intermediate code. Generating intermediate code is the first vital step in synthesizing the instructions that will eventually allow a machine to run the user's program. The skills you learned in this chapter build on the skills that are used in semantic analysis, such as how to add semantic attributes to the syntax tree nodes, and how to traverse syntax tree nodes in complex ways as needed.

One of the important features of this chapter was an example intermediate code instruction set that we used for the Jzero language. Since the code is abstract, you can add new instructions to this instruction set as needed for your language. Building lists of these instructions was easy using Unicon's list data type, and still fairly straightforward using Java's ArrayList type.

The chapter showed you how to generate code for straight-line expressions such as arithmetic calculations. Far more effort in this chapter went into...