Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By : Clinton L. Jeffery
Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By: Clinton L. Jeffery

Overview of this book

The need for different types of computer languages is growing rapidly and developers prefer creating domain-specific languages for solving specific application domain problems. Building your own programming language has its advantages. It can be your antidote to the ever-increasing size and complexity of software. In this book, you’ll start with implementing the frontend of a compiler for your language, including a lexical analyzer and parser. The book covers a series of traversals of syntax trees, culminating with code generation for a bytecode virtual machine. Moving ahead, you’ll learn how domain-specific language features are often best represented by operators and functions that are built into the language, rather than library functions. We’ll conclude with how to implement garbage collection, including reference counting and mark-and-sweep garbage collection. Throughout the book, Dr. Jeffery weaves in his experience of building the Unicon programming language to give better context to the concepts where relevant examples are provided in both Unicon and Java so that you can follow the code of your choice of either a very high-level language with advanced features, or a mainstream language. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build and deploy your own domain-specific languages, capable of compiling and running programs.
Table of Contents (25 chapters)
1
Section 1: Programming Language Frontends
7
Section 2: Syntax Tree Traversals
13
Section 3: Code Generation and Runtime Systems
21
Section 4: Appendix

Examining iconx, the Unicon bytecode interpreter

The Unicon language and its predecessor, Icon, share a common architecture and implementation in the form of a bytecode interpreter and runtime system program named iconx. Compared to the Jzero bytecode interpreter in the previous section, iconx is large and complex and has the benefit of real-world use over a sustained period. Compared to the Java virtual machine, iconx is small and simple, and it's relatively accessible for studying. A thorough description of iconx can be found in The Implementation of Icon and Unicon: a Compendium. This section can be viewed as a brief introduction to that work.

Understanding goal-directed bytecode

Unicon has an unusual bytecode. A brief example was provided earlier in this chapter in the Understanding what bytecode is section. The language is goal-directed. All expressions succeed or fail. Many expressions, called generators, can produce additional results on demand when a surrounding...