Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By : Clinton L. Jeffery
Book Image

Build Your Own Programming Language

By: Clinton L. Jeffery

Overview of this book

The need for different types of computer languages is growing rapidly and developers prefer creating domain-specific languages for solving specific application domain problems. Building your own programming language has its advantages. It can be your antidote to the ever-increasing size and complexity of software. In this book, you’ll start with implementing the frontend of a compiler for your language, including a lexical analyzer and parser. The book covers a series of traversals of syntax trees, culminating with code generation for a bytecode virtual machine. Moving ahead, you’ll learn how domain-specific language features are often best represented by operators and functions that are built into the language, rather than library functions. We’ll conclude with how to implement garbage collection, including reference counting and mark-and-sweep garbage collection. Throughout the book, Dr. Jeffery weaves in his experience of building the Unicon programming language to give better context to the concepts where relevant examples are provided in both Unicon and Java so that you can follow the code of your choice of either a very high-level language with advanced features, or a mainstream language. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build and deploy your own domain-specific languages, capable of compiling and running programs.
Table of Contents (25 chapters)
1
Section 1: Programming Language Frontends
7
Section 2: Syntax Tree Traversals
13
Section 3: Code Generation and Runtime Systems
21
Section 4: Appendix

Chapter 12: Generating Bytecode

In this chapter, we continue with code generation, taking the intermediate code from Chapter 9, Intermediate Code Generation, and generating bytecode from it. When you translate from intermediate code into a format that will run, you are generating final code. Conventionally this happens at compile time, but it could occur later—at link time, load time, or runtime. We will generate bytecode in the usual way at compile time. This chapter and the following chapter on generating native code present you with two forms of final code that you can choose between.

Translation from intermediate code to bytecode is performed by walking through a list of intermediate instructions, translating each intermediate code instruction into one or more bytecode instructions. A straightforward loop is used to traverse the list, with a different chunk of code for each intermediate code instruction. Although the loop used in this chapter is simple, generating the...