IP version 4 is the fourth version of IP. It plays a vital role in the internet as we know it. By far, IPv4 is the most commonly used protocol for addressing various devices within a network and out on the internet. Another interesting fact about IP is that it's not connection-oriented as is the case for TCP; instead, IP is connectionless.
An IPv4 address is 32 bits or 4-bytes in length. We calculate the addresses in base 2; this gives us 2^32, which equals 4,294,967,296 addresses. It may seem as though there are plenty of IPv4 addresses; however, the reality differs. In fact, there is currently an IPv4 shortage. An IPv4 address is represented in dotted decimal format. An example of an IPv4 address is as follows:
192.168.1.1
Here, we can see that an IPv4 address is indeed represented in a dotted decimal format. The dots . act as separators between the address...