Book Image

Industrial Automation from Scratch

By : Olushola Akande
Book Image

Industrial Automation from Scratch

By: Olushola Akande

Overview of this book

Industrial automation has become a popular solution for various industries looking to reduce manual labor inputs and costs by automating processes. This book helps you discover the abilities necessary for excelling in this field. The book starts with the basics of industrial automation before progressing to the application of switches, sensors, actuators, and motors, and a direct on-line (DOL) starter and its components, such as circuit breakers, contactors, and overload relay. Next, you'll explore VFDs, their parameter settings, and how they can be wired and programmed for induction motor control. As you advance, you'll learn the wiring and programming of major industrial automation tools – PLCs, HMIs, and SCADA. You’ll also get to grips with process control and measurements (temperature, pressure, level, and flow), along with analog signal processing with hands-on experience in connecting a 4–20 mA transmitter to a PLC. The concluding chapters will help you grasp various industrial network protocols such as FOUNDATION Fieldbus, Modbus, PROFIBUS, PROFINET, and HART, as well as emerging trends in manufacturing (Industry 4.0) and its empowering technologies (such as IoT, AI, and robotics). By the end of this book, you’ll have gained a practical understanding of industrial automation concepts for machine automation and control.
Table of Contents (21 chapters)
1
Part 1: Learning the Concepts and Skills Required to Get Started
8
Part 2: Understanding PLC, HMI, and SCADA
14
Part 3: Process Control, Industrial Network, and Smart Factory

Flow measurement and transmitters

Flow measurement is an operation carried out to measure the flow of fluids in a pipe using an instrument. Several flow-measuring instruments exist, which include the following:

  • A differential pressure flow meter: This uses a pressure difference created by a sensing element (for example, an orifice plate or a Venturi tube) to determine the rate of a flow. A differential pressure transmitter has a high- and low-pressure port to which the high- and low-pressure side of the sensing element will be connected and it produces a standard signal of 4 to 20 mA that corresponds to the flow rate.

The following figure shows a Rosemount differential pressure transmitter:

Figure 12.12 – A Rosemount differential pressure transmitter (this file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license)

Figure 12.12 – A Rosemount differential pressure transmitter (this file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license)

  • A velocity flow meter: This determines a flow rate by measuring the flow velocity...