Unity 5.x Cookbook

Unity 5.x Cookbook

Overview of this book

Unity 5 is a flexible and intuitive multiplatform game engine that is becoming the industry's de facto standard. Learn to craft your own 2D and 3D computer games by working through core concepts such as animation, audio, shaders, GUI, lights, cameras, and scripting to create your own games with one of the most important and popular engines in the industry. Completely re-written to cover the new features of Unity 5, this book is a great resource for all Unity game developers, from those who have recently started using Unity right up to game development experts. The first half of the book focuses on core concepts of 2D game design while the second half focuses on developing 3D game development skills. In the first half, you will discover the new GUI system, the new Audio Mixer, external files, and animating 2D characters in 2D game development. As you progress further, you will familiarize yourself with the new Standard Shaders, the Mecanim system, Cameras, and the new Lighting features to hone your skills towards building 3D games to perfection. Finally, you will learn non-player character control and explore Unity 5's extra features to enhance your 3D game development skills.

Unity 5.x Cookbook

Credits

Foreword

About the Authors

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Preface

Free Chapter

Core UI – Messages, Menus, Scores, and Timers

Introduction

Displaying a "Hello World" UI text message

Displaying a digital clock

Displaying a digital countdown timer

Creating a message that fades away

Displaying a perspective 3D text message

Displaying an image

Creating UI Buttons to move between scenes

Organizing images inside panels and changing panel depths via buttons

Displaying the value of an interactive UI Slider

Displaying a countdown timer graphically with a UI Slider

Displaying a radar to indicate the relative locations of objects

Creating UIs with the Fungus open-source dialog system

Setting custom mouse cursor images

Input Fields component for text entry

Toggles and radio buttons via Toggle Groups

Conclusion

Inventory GUIs

Introduction

Creating a simple 2D mini-game – SpaceGirl

Displaying single object pickups with carrying and not-carrying text

Displaying single object pickups with carrying and not-carrying icons

Displaying multiple pickups of the same object with text totals

Displaying multiple pickups of the same object with multiple status icons

Revealing icons for multiple object pickups by changing the size of a tiled image

Displaying multiple pickups of different objects as a list of text via a dynamic List<> of PickUp objects

Displaying multiple pickups of different objects as text totals via a dynamic Dictionary<> of PickUp objects and "enum" pickup types

Generalizing multiple icon displays using UI Grid Layout Groups (with scrollbars!)

Conclusion

2D Animation

Introduction

Flipping a sprite horizontally

Animating body parts for character movement events

Creating a 3-frame animation clip to make a platform continually animate

Making a platform start falling once stepped-on using a Trigger to move animation from one state to another

Creating animation clips from sprite sheet sequences

Conclusion

Creating Maps and Materials

Introduction

Creating a basic material with Standard Shader (Specular setup)

Adapting a basic material from Specular setup to Metallic

Applying Normal maps to a material

Adding Transparency and Emission maps to a material

Highlighting materials at mouse over

Adding Detail maps to a material

Fading the transparency of a material

Playing videos inside a scene

Conclusion

Using Cameras

Introduction

Creating a picture-in-picture effect

Switching between multiple cameras

Making textures from screen content

Zooming a telescopic camera

Displaying a mini-map

Creating an in-game surveillance camera

Lights and Effects

Introduction

Using lights and cookie textures to simulate a cloudy day

Adding a custom Reflection map to a scene

Creating a laser aim with Projector and Line Renderer

Reflecting surrounding objects with Reflection Probes

Setting up an environment with Procedural Skybox and Directional Light

Lighting a simple scene with Lightmaps and Light Probes

Conclusion

Controlling 3D Animations

Introduction

Configuring a character's Avatar and idle animation

Moving your character with root motion and Blend Trees

Mixing animations with Layers and Masks

Organizing States into Sub-state Machines

Transforming the Character Controller via script

Adding rigid props to animated characters

Using Animation Events to throw an object

Applying Ragdoll physics to a character

Rotating the character's torso to aim a weapon

Positions, Movement and Navigation for Character GameObjects

Introduction

Player control of a 2D GameObject (and limiting the movement within a rectangle)

Player control of a 3D GameObject (and limiting the movement within a rectangle)

Choosing destinations – find the nearest (or a random) spawn point

Choosing destinations – respawn to the most recently passed checkpoint

NPC NavMeshAgent to seek or flee destination while avoiding obstacles

NPC NavMeshAgent to follow the waypoints in a sequence

Controlling the object group movement through flocking

Conclusion

Playing and Manipulating Sounds

Introduction

Matching the audio pitch to the animation speed

Simulating acoustic environments with Reverb Zones

Preventing an Audio Clip from restarting if it is already playing

Waiting for audio to finish playing before auto-destructing an object

Adding volume control with Audio Mixers

Making a dynamic soundtrack with Snapshots

Balancing in-game audio with Ducking

Working with External Resource Files and Devices

Introduction

Loading external resource files – using Unity Default Resources

Loading external resource files – by downloading files from the Internet

Loading external resource files – by manually storing files in the Unity Resources folder

Saving and loading player data – using static properties

Saving and loading player data – using PlayerPrefs

Saving screenshots from the game

Setting up a leaderboard using PHP/MySQL

Loading game data from a text file map

Managing Unity project code using Git version control and GitHub hosting

Publishing for multiple devices via Unity Cloud

Improving Games with Extra Features and Optimization

Introduction

Pausing the game

Implementing slow motion

Preventing your game from running on unknown servers

State-driven behavior Do-It-Yourself states

State-driven behavior using the State Design pattern

Reducing the number of objects by destroying objects at death a time

Reducing the number of enabled objects by disabling objects whenever possible

Reducing the number of active objects by making objects inactive whenever possible

Improving efficiency with delegates and events and avoiding SendMessage!

Executing methods regularly but independent of frame rate with coroutines

Spreading long computations over several frames with coroutines

Evaluating performance by measuring max and min frame rates (FPS)

Identifying performance bottlenecks with the Unity performance Profiler

Identifying performance "bottlenecks" with Do-It-Yourself performance profiling

Cache GameObject and component references to avoid expensive lookups

Improving performance with LOD groups

Improving performance through reduced draw calls by designing for draw call batching

Conclusion

Editor Extensions

Introduction

An editor extension to allow pickup type (and parameters) to be changed at design time via a custom Inspector UI

An editor extension to add 100 randomly located copies of a prefab with one menu click

A progress bar to display proportion completed of Editor extension processing

An editor extension to have an object-creator GameObject, with buttons to instantiate different pickups at cross-hair object location in scene

Conclusion

Index

Customer Reviews

5 star

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3 star

2 star

1 star

Creating UIs with the Fungus open-source dialog system

Rather than constructing your own UI and interactions from scratch each time, there are plenty of UI and dialogue systems available for Unity. One powerful, free, and open source dialog system is called Fungus, which uses a visual flowcharting approach to dialog design.

In this recipe, we'll create a very simple, two-sentence dialogue, to illustrate the basics of Fungus. The following screenshot shows the Fungus-generated dialog for the first sentence ('Hello, how are you') and the interactive button (a triangle inside a circle) the user clicks to progress to the next piece of dialog (in the bottom-right part of the rectangle).

How to do it...

To create a two-sentence dialog using Fungus, follow these steps:

Download the latest version of the Fungus unitypackage from the FungusGames website http://www.fungusgames.com/.
Create a new Unity 2D project.
Import the Fungus unitypackage by navigating to Assets | Import Package | Custom Package..., and then navigating to your downloaded file location.
Create a new Fungus Flowchart GameObject by choosing menu: Tools | Fungus | Create | Flowchart.
Display and dock the Fungus Flowchart window panel by choosing menu: Tools | Fungus | Flowchart Window.
There will be a block in the Flowchart Window. Click on this block to select it (a green border appears around the block to indicate that it is selected), and then in the Inspector panel, change the name of this block to Start, as shown in the following screenshot:
Each Block in a Flowchart follows a sequence of commands. So, we are now going to create a sequence of commands to display two sentences to the user when the game runs.
Note
The sequence of Commands in a Block
Each Block in a Flowchart follows a sequence of Commands, so to display two sentences to the user when the game runs, we need to create a sequence of two Say commands in the Inspector panel properties for our Block.
Ensure that the Start block is still selected in the Flowchart panel. Now, click on the plus +' button at the bottom section of the Inspector panel to display the menu of Commands, and select the Narrative | Say command, as shown here:
Since we only have one command for this block, that command will automatically be selected (highlighted green) in the top-half part of the Inspector view. The bottom half of the Inspector view presents the properties for the currently selected Command, as shown in the following screenshot. In the bottom-half part of the Inspector view, for the Story Text property, enter the text of the question that you wish to be presented to the user: How are you today?
Now, create another Say Command, and type the following for its Story Text property: Very well thank you.
When you run the game, the user will first be presented with the How are you today? text (hearing a clicking noise as each letter is typed on screen). After the user clicks on the 'continue' triangle button (at the bottom-right part of the dialog window), they will then be presented with the second sentence: Very well thank you.

How it works...

You have created a new Unity project, and imported the Fungus asset package, containing the Fungus Unity menus, windows and commands, and also the example projects.

You have added a Fungus Flowchart to your scene with a single Block that you have named Start. Your block starts to execute when the game begins (since the default for the first block is to be executed upon receiving the Game Started event).

In the Start block, you added a sequence of two Say Commands. Each command presents a sentence to the user, and then waits for the continue button to be clicked before proceeding to the next Command.

As can be seen, the Fungus system handles the work of creating a nicely presented panel to the user, displaying the desired text and continue button. Fungus offers many more features, including menus, animations, control of sounds and music, and so on, details of which can be found by exploring their provided example projects, and their websites:

Unity 5.x Cookbook

Unity 5.x Cookbook

Overview of this book

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Current Title:

Unity 5.x Cookbook

Creating UIs with the Fungus open-source dialog system

How to do it...

Note

How it works...