Book Image

Pretrain Vision and Large Language Models in Python

By : Emily Webber
4.5 (2)
Book Image

Pretrain Vision and Large Language Models in Python

4.5 (2)
By: Emily Webber

Overview of this book

Foundation models have forever changed machine learning. From BERT to ChatGPT, CLIP to Stable Diffusion, when billions of parameters are combined with large datasets and hundreds to thousands of GPUs, the result is nothing short of record-breaking. The recommendations, advice, and code samples in this book will help you pretrain and fine-tune your own foundation models from scratch on AWS and Amazon SageMaker, while applying them to hundreds of use cases across your organization. With advice from seasoned AWS and machine learning expert Emily Webber, this book helps you learn everything you need to go from project ideation to dataset preparation, training, evaluation, and deployment for large language, vision, and multimodal models. With step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical examples, you’ll go from mastering the concept of pretraining to preparing your dataset and model, configuring your environment, training, fine-tuning, evaluating, deploying, and optimizing your foundation models. You will learn how to apply the scaling laws to distributing your model and dataset over multiple GPUs, remove bias, achieve high throughput, and build deployment pipelines. By the end of this book, you’ll be well equipped to embark on your own project to pretrain and fine-tune the foundation models of the future.
Table of Contents (23 chapters)
1
Part 1: Before Pretraining
5
Part 2: Configure Your Environment
9
Part 3: Train Your Model
13
Part 4: Evaluate Your Model
17
Part 5: Deploy Your Model

Speeding up your jobs with compilation

Remember that in Chapter 4, we learned about some basic concepts in GPU systems architecture. We covered the foundational Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) software framework that lets you run normal Python code on GPUs. We talked about managed containers and deep learning frameworks, such as PyTorch and TensorFlow, which are already tested and proven to run nicely on the AWS cloud. The problem with most neural network implementations is that they aren’t particularly optimized for GPUs. This is where compilation comes in; you can use it to eke out an extra two-times jump in speed for the same model!

In the context of compilers for deep learning, we’re mostly interested in accelerated linear algebra (XLA). This is a project Google originally developed for TensorFlow, which has since merged into the Jax framework. PyTorch developers will be happy to know that major compilation techniques have been upstreamed into PyTorch...